Epidemiology and Genetic Characterization of Human Parainfluenza Virus-1 Infection in Paediatric Patients from Hangzhou China, 2021–2022

The Human Parainfluenza Virus (HPIV) is an important pathogen that affects the respiratory system in both children and adults. The results showed that 3.64% of the total samples collected from children between the ages of one month to twelve years were positive for HPIV1. The highest prevalence was recorded in the 3-6 years age group. The peak positivity rate was recorded in December 2021 and the lowest rate of 0% in April and July. Genetic characterisation of the strains revealed 15 HPIV1 strains, of which 14 were similar to strains previously identified in Japan, while 1 strain was similar to strains reported in Beijing. All strains had 27 mutations at the same locus: F8L, P62S, A66S, G87E, G89R, G110D, S140P, L151P, R179G, D185N, P231Q, S246N, S247P, E255G, N256D, S279P, T282A, P283Q, R293K, E319G, K365Q, I376L, N401D, N440D, G473T, K491R, and N498Y, while 14 strains had the following mutations: T94A, L106F, V170A, L249F, K270R, T295A, and S349N. There were N56S mutations in all strains except HPIV1-202 and 104 and S95G mutations except in HPIV1-117.
(MRM)