Structural insights into RNA polymerases of negative-sense RNA viruses

The genomes of negative-sense RNA viruses (NSVs) consist of a single or multiple RNA segments encapsidated by oligomeric viral nucleoproteins into helical viral ribonucleoprotein complexes. The replication and transcription of such viral genome is performed mainly by a ~250–450kDa viral encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRP) containing capping or cap-snatching activity. This study has comprehensively compiled the molecular structures of the RdRP from different NSVs including their domain organization and conformational rearrangements as described by recent high-resolution X-rays and cryoelectron microscopy. In addition, the study unraveled the two globular domains of the oligomeric NSVs nucleoproteins including the head, and body domains of the Influenza A virus; the N-terminal, and CT lobes of Hantaan virus; and the C-terminal, and NT domains of Measles virus. Moreover, the complex relationships between the RdRP ultrastructure, molecular mechanisms of viral transcription and replication, and novel antiviral drug targets for therapeutic applications were highlighted. 

(BNU)